Multiplying machine



y 5, 1942- B. M. DURFEE MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Dec. 22, 1939 8 Sheets-Sheet l wwm INVEN TOR.

ATTORNEY.

May 5, 1942.

B. M. DURFEE MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Dec. 22, 1959 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 e w m wm w b a a- F IGJQ.

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ATTORNEY y 5, 1942- B. M. DURFEE 2,282,121

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Dec. 22, 1959 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 \g INVEN'RTR m '9 v I I ATTORNEY y 5, 1942- B. M. DURFEE Q 2,282,121

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Dec. 22, 1959 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 ATITORNEY y 5, 1942- B. M. DURFEE I 2,282,121

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Dec. 22, 1959 a sheets-sheet 5 INV ENTOR %?3? ATiORNEY F K3. 1d.

May 5, 1942. B. M. DURFEE MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Dec. 22, 1939 8 Sheets$heet- 6 INVENTOR ATTORNEY s May 5, 1942. B. M. DURFEE MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Dec. 22, 1959 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 It mkuaaemm ashk l I. I4

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MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Dec. 22, 1939 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 FIG. 3.

FIG. 5.

' INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented May 5, 1942 to international Business Machines lion-h, ill "2., a corporation or New tion, New he is Cam ras Application December 1939, Serial in. 310,558

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This invention relates to multiplying machines controlled icy perforated record cards and more particularly to a multiplying machine of the so-called partial product type. In accordance with the present invention, multiplying is carried out on a diiferent mathematical basis than heretofore and constitutes amodification of the utilization of partial products. In former machines multiplying is usually carried out by multiplying the multiplicand by each digit of the multiplier in turn and a prearranged mechanism, adjusted in accordance with the multiplication table, is provided and selectively controlled by the multiplier to enable multiplication by each of the significant digits of the multiplier. In accordance with the present invention, such multiplication table arrangement is re duced so as to require a setting of prearranged mechanism for only the digits 1, '2, 3, 4, and 5. Multiplying by any of these five digits is carried out in the same manner as in prior machines for the same digits. For the higher digits 6, '1, 8, and 9 the machine in efiect multiplies by lit and thensubtracts the product of the multipli carid times the difierence between the higher digit and 10. The multiplying procedure for each of the significant digits is tabulated as follows where MC represents the multiplicand and MP represents the multiplier:

Table l IiMIP Multiplication by the digits 6, 7, Band 9 is thus effected by multiplying by 10 and subtracting the product obtained by multiplying by the digits 4, 3, 2, and 1, respectively.

A further and particular object of the invention is to provide a novel method of obtaining this multiplication by 10 in an indirect manner and to obviate the provision of any special multiplying mechanism for effecting such multiplication. In the operation of the machine the perforations representing the multiplier factor are sensed from the card and entered into what is called an MP receiving device or accumulator. Such accumulator heretofore was provided with well-known iils carry mechanism so that, when I any order received an entry of 10 or more than 10, a 1 is automatically carried to the next higher order. tion this 10's carry mechanism has been modifled in the MP receiving device to effect a units carry whenever the entry in an order passes from 5 to 6. In other words,'the carry mechanism is altered from a lOs carry to what might be termed a 6s" carry. The net efiect of this is to raise any multiplier digit by i. when the lower order digit is 6 or greater, and thereby combines the 10 times multiple for the digits 6 to ll with the next higher multiplier digit.

in the following table are given representative multiplier amounts indicating how they are punched in the card and the corresponding setting oi the MP accumulator resulting from the sensing and entering of these multiplier Mom this table it is seen that, when all the I multiplier digits are less than 6, the multiplier accumulator setting is in direct correspondence therewith as represented for card 1. For card 2 the units digit 6, when entered into the accumulator, has caused a unit to be carried to the tens order raising it from 4 to 5. For card 3 the units digit 6 has raised the tens digit 5 to 6 and this in turn has carried 1 to the hundreds order raising it from 3 to 4. Thus, also, for each of the succeeding cards a multiplier digit of 6 or greater will transfer 1 to the next higher ,order and, if

' such transfer raises such next higher order to 6,

it in'turn will transfer a unit to the still higher order. This change in the multiplier during entry into the MP accumulator in effect arranges for a post-multiplication by 10 so that, in the later operation of the machine, only the subtracting part of the multiplying as indicated in Table I need be carried out. Thus, MC X 46=(MC x 50) (MC X 4) Instead, I for digit 6, of multiplying MCX 10 and then by a 4 and subtracting the latter product, the multipli- For the purposes of the present inven-v cation by is merged with the, next higher order digit and eliminatesany extra operation for handling the multiplication by 10.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claim and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Figs. 1, 1a, 1b,.1c, 1d and 1e taken together and arranged in the order designated constitute a wiring diagram ofthe complete machine.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the procedure followed in handling a selected multiplication problem.

F18. 3 is a partial timing diagram to show the timing of certain added cam contacts and their relation to existing timed elements in the machine.

Fig. 4 is a detail of 'the carry cam and associated parts in the multiplier accumulator.

Fig. 5 is a detail of the carry bail operating mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a detail of elusive one entering control I device as employed in certain accumulators.

The present invention is applied to a multiplying machine of the type shown in Patent 2,045,437, granted June 23, 1936, to G. F. Daly. This patent discloses the card feeding and sensing mechanisms together with the various accumulators and product punching devices and their driving mechanisms which are usually found inthis type of machine. The present inventio deals with improvements in the actual multiplying mechanism which comes into play after the record cards are presented to the sensing devices and functions up until the point where the final .product is obtained in what is called the LH accumulator. Accordingly, the detailed operation of the card feeding andhandling mechanism and the detailed explanation of the manner in which the final product is punched back on the card need not be explained in detail in the present application, the same being as set forth in detail in the Daly patent. I

\ The multiplier receiving accumulator Before describing the electrical operation of the machine, the mechanical arrangement of the multiplier receiving accumulator will be set forth to explain the so-called 6's carry. In Fig. 4 is shown one of the multiplier accumulator wheels "I to which is-secured the usual carry cam I. This wheel with its cam has ten digit indicating positions and the cam is provided with the high tooth 802. In the prior decimal'accumulators such high tooth was set to engage the nose of pawl 60! when the setting passed from 9 to 10. For the present machine the cam is set to rock the pawl when the setting passes from 5 to 6. In all other respects the accumulating mechanism is the same as in former machines.

The function of the high tooth is, to rock pawl "I pivoted on an arm '04 whenever the setting of the wheel passes from 5 to 6. Rocking of the pawl 603 causes a lever 605 to release the arm I whereby the armand pawl will be rocked clockwise'to enable the pawl to engage the next notch in the cam. Later, during the carry operation a bail 806 will engage the arm 804 and return it to its latched position whereby the cam and wheel will be advanced one step or position by the pawl 603. The mechanism for operating the bail 608 is shown in Fig. 5 where the bail is mulator drive shaft 58b, which shaft corresponds to the same numbered shaft in the Daly patent.

A further mechanical change in the structure resides in the provision of a well-known fugitive entering device shown in Fig. 6 in each of the partial product accumulators known as the LH and RH accumulators. This device comprises a magnet "8 arranged beneath the lever 605 in the units position in the accumulator and, when the magnet is energized, the lever '05 is attracted to release the related arm 6 which will result in a unit being entered in this units order when the bail 805 is operated.

Problem plication of 2564 times 65287. As the card containing perforations representing these factors passes the sensing devices, the multiplicand amount is entered directly into the MC accumulator and the multiplier amount is entered into the MP accumulator as 165397 due to the provision of the 6s carry. In this connection it can be noted that the 7 in the units order raised the 8 in the tens order to 9 and the tens order in turn raised the hundreds order from 2 to 3. The digit in the thousand order remained undisturbed while the 6 in the next higher order caused a l to be entered in the sixth position of the MP accumulator.

In Fig. 2 the accumulators involved are designated as MC, MP, LH and RH and the denominational orders thereof are numbered from right to'left. After the entry of the factors, multiplication first takes place in accordance with the digit 7. The partial products resulting from the multiplication are obtained from four sources which are separately indicated, the first three of which are designated a, b and c resulting in the entry of the 9's complement of 3 times the multiplicand divided into left and right hand partial products, these going into the LH and RH accumulators respectively. In addition, a fugitive 1 is entered as a units carry in the lowest order of each of the LH and RH accumulators to raise the 9's complement to a 10's complement.

Multiplication by the next digit 9 is carried out in the same manner by entering the 9's complement of the multiplicand, with the usual column shift toward the left, and also a fugitive 1 entry to raise this to the tens complement.

Multiplying by the digit 3 is carried out in exactly the same manner as in former multiplying machines, i. e., the true partial products of 3 times the multiplicand are entered in proper columnar relationship. The multiplication by 3 has changed the partial products standing in the accumulators to positive numbers so that the productin the accumulator at this point represents the multiplicand multiplied by 287. In other words, there has been an entry in the form of partial products of the complements of 3 and 10 times the multiplicand and the product of 300 times the multiplicand, with the net result of multiplying by 3011-13 or 287.

Multiplication by the digit 5 takes place next and the. true partial products are entered in the LH and RH accumulators as indicated. Multiplication by the digit 6 involves entry from the several sources of the tens complement of 4 times the multiplicand which results in therepresentation of the partial products as complementary amounts. Finally, multiplication by the digit 1, whereby the multiplicand amount is entered in the proper denominational allocation in the RH accumulator, completes the setting up of the totals of the partial products.

The final step is to transfer the RH partial products to the LH accumulator whereby the final product is obtained as 167395868. It may be explained that LH and RH accumulators are employed to save machine operation time and enable both partial products to be obtained concurrently during a single multiplying cycle, but it is well known that a single accumulator may be employed, in which case the partial products would be successively entered and the final RH to LH transfer eliminated.

in Fig. 2 the components or the tens complements are shown separated but as will be pointed out the entire complement is entered during a single cycle and the separation as indicated is to facilitate an understanding of which parts are derived from the separate sources as will be more clearly set forth in the tracing of the circuits involved.

Card feeding and sensing operations As mentioned, the card feeding and sensing operations are the same as in the Daly patent,

together with the usual preliminary operations required to advance the first card of a group to the sensing devices. To obviate reference to the patent, the circuits involved in these preliminary operations are traced herein and the same reference characters are utilized so that in the course of the description it may more readily be noted wherein departure from the prior machine has been made. Where such departure is made, the changes will be particularly pointed out.

in setting the machine into operation, prepunched cards are first placed in the card magazine of the machine. The first operation is then to close the switch 380 (Fig. le) providing current supply ior the main driving motor Z. The motor Z drives the A. C. and D. C. generator, the D. C. section 52DC of which supplies direct current to the D. C. buses 38! and 382. Alternating current impulses are supplied to ground and to bus 383 (see Fig. l) by the A. C. section MAC. The start key is now depressed to close start key contacts 215 (Fig. le) and complete a circuit from the 38l side of the D. C. line through relay coil C, through contacts 275, through relay points Gi now closed, through cam contacts LEG-2, to the 382 side of the D. C. line. A stick circuit is established through the contacts C2 of the relay coil C and cam contacts FC-3 now closed. Energization of coil C also closes relay contacts C--l and a circuit is established traced as follows: From the 38| side of the D. C. line through relay contacts Fl, which are now in the position shown, through card feed clutch magnet 384, through cam contacts FC-B now closed, through stop key contacts 315 now closed, through relay points N| and C! now closed, through the punch control contacts P-i now closed, and back to the other side of the line.

In the machine, the start key must be held depressed for the first four cycles in starting up upon a run of cards, or alternatively it may be depressed and released and then depressed a second time. Starting is prevented until the feed rack I8! of the punch is in right hand position. This is provided for by contacts P-l. The first complete card ,ieed cycle upon starting up the machine will advance the first card to a point where the X (first extra index point position of.

the card) will bein alignment with the special X brush I08 (Fig. 1c), in which position the 9 index point position or the card will be about ready to pass under the factor sensingbrushes I09 (Fig. 1). At the beginning of the second card feed cycle, the card traverses the brushes I09 and the multiplier and the multipllcand are read from the card and are entered into the MP and MC receiving devices. At the, end of the first card feeding cycle the card lever contacts H2 (Fig. 1e) will be closed by the card, causing energization of relay coil H and cause relay contacts H-l (Fig. l) to shift from the position shown to reverse position. As the second card feed cycle ensues, the card is carried past the brushes and amounts are entered into the multiplicand and multiplier accumulators.

The entry circuits will now be traced. Current fiows from the A. C. line 383 (Fig. 1) through relay contacts H--i now shifted, through cam contacts FC'l which close at the proper time in the cycle, through the impulse distributor 269 and to card transfer and contact roll Bl, thence through the brushes W3 pertaining to themultiplier (these being designated HIQMP on Fig. 1),

through the brushes WEBMC pertaining to the I multiplicand to the plug sockets of the plug board. The customary plug connections 385 are provided at the plug board and connected to the lower plug sockets 385 and 381.

The entry circuit extends to the multiplier magnets BQUMP and to the multiplicand magnets 3903/10. For normal multiplying operations, switch 335 is thrown in closed position as shown. The ground return circuit from the 390MC magnets is through the closed relay contacts A-2, which are in the position shown. The return circuit from the 39MP magnets is via switch 395 and the relay contacts A-Z now closed. During entry of the multiplier and multiplicand upon normal multiplying, the controlling coil A remains deenergized.

It may be explained that there is a manual starting up of the card feed for the first cards of a run, but that after the machine is fully in operation on subsequent cards in a run, the feed is otherwise controlled, being effected automatically. Subsequent card feed operations are initiated automatically upon and by the reset of the multiplicand accumulator. Provision is accordingly made to cut off the hand initiating control after the operations have been properly started. This is eifected in the following manner. At the beginning of the second card feed cycle the closure of cam contacts FClI (Fig. le) will cause relay coil G to become energized. Current flows from 386 through G, through FC--i 8, through the card lever contacts H2 now closed, and back to the other side of the line. The energization of relay coil G will shift the three-blade relay points Gi to reverse position from that shown, interrupting the circuit to the start key contacts 215, but maintaining the circuit to cam contacts FC2. The energization of relay coil G will also close relay contacts G-2 and establish a stick circuit for coils G and H, through either the FC-2 contacts or the card lever contacts H2. It may be explained that the making time of cam contacts FC2 overlaps the time when the card lever contacts H2 open between cards.

The card is fed through the card handling section of the machine and ultimately it passes to what is called the R position in the punch, closing card lever contacts I20 (Fig. 1e) and energlzlng relay coil F, and causing the shifting of relay contacts F-l to reverse position from that shown. In starting 'up the machine, the punch racks are in extreme outer position, i. e., rack l8l (Fig. a of Patent 2,045,437) is in its extreme right hand position and I82 is in its extreme left hand position (see Figs. 5 and 5a of said patent). Accordingly, contacts P-| are closed and contacts P-8, P4 and P5 are closed. With contacts PI closed, relay coil K (Fig. 12) will be energized and relay contacts K-l will be shifted to reverse position from that shown. Upon the shifting of relay contacts F--l and upon the machine when the punch racks are in'proper' closure of cam contacts CC--l, a circuit will be established to the punch clutch magnet I84. This circuit is completed to the other side of the line through the punch contacts P-l now closed and contacts K-I, which are in shifted position. The energization of the punch clutch magnet I 94 will cause closure of contacts I91, which become latched closed by latch I98. Accordingly, current supply is provided for the punch driving motor Z2. The card which has been previously read and which is in the punching unit in the R position is now advanced endwise through the punch unit to a position in which punching is to commence.

' Setting of the MC and MP accumulators- Both the MC and MP accumulators are provided with the usual readout devices comprising a plurallty oi settable brush structures, one for each denominational order and each rotatable to any digit representing position. These readout devices are diagrammatically shown in Fig. In for the MC accumulator and in Fig. l for the MP accumulator, being designated MC'RO and MPRO to denote Multiplicand Readout and Multiplier Readout respectively. In the MC accumulator there has usually been provided only readout commutator segments for the nine significant digit settings of the factor as shown in Fig. b of the Daly patent. For the present invention there is added a set of zero commutator segments as shown in Fig. 1a, so that when a brush is positioned at 0, it makes a connection between its 0 segment and the usual common segment for the related order. In Fig. 1a the brushes for the MC accumulator are set to represent the factor 2564 of the problem of Fig. 2.

The readout brushes of the MP accumulator in Fig. 1 are also shown set to represent 165397, this setting being the result of entering the factor 65287 into the accumulator and the action of the 6's carry mechanism explained hereinabove.

Initiation of multiplying operations.-The actual multiplying operation and the setup of the cycle controller is initiated by the reset of the LH accumulator. Such reset of the LH accumulator is initiated and effected in the following manner.

I It /has been previously explained how relay coils F and K were energized. Energization of two coils closes relay contacts F--! and K! (Fig. 1). Upon closure of cam contacts CC-2, current flows from line "3, through CC-2, through switch 286 now closed, through relay contacts K-I, through normally closed relay contacts L-2, through relay contacts F2,

through the "ILH reset magnet and back to ground. Energization of magnet SOILH initiates the resetting of the LH accumulator. It may be explained that resetting cannot occur until the ,reset of the LH accumulator.

relay contacts of K-2 are closed, which can occur only when a card is inthe punch beyond the last columnar position or in starting up the position, i. e. extreme outer position. It may also be explained that relay coil F cannot be energized with the attendant closure of contacts F-I until a card has reached the R position in the punch. Accordingly, reset of the LH accumulator cannot be initiated until both of these conditions are fulfilled,

During the reset of the LH accumulator the reset contacts 212- (Fig. 16) close and a circuit is established to relay coil L, energizing this coil and causing the opening of relay contacts L! (Fig. 1) to accordingly prevent a repetition of the It may be explained that relay coil L is only temporarily energized by the closure of contacts 212. However, a stick circuit is established for relay coil L, through relay contacts L-l, which close upon the energization of L, the stick circuit going back to the other side of the line through the punch contacts P! which are now closed. Contacts P-I remain closed until the punch rack has completed its traverse to the left, at which time such contacts P-I open. At this time relay coil L will become deenergized but at such time coils K and F will have also become deenergized. Accordingly, the circuit to the reset magnet sum is completely broken and a new reset cannot be initiated until there is a reclosure of contacts K! and F-2 following a subsequent energization of K and F.

If in the operation of the machine the last column contacts P-l close at a late time with respect to the closure of 00-2, there may be too short a duration of current supply to the IIILH reset magnet 'so that reset will not occur. Under these conditions the proper reset circuit will be established when 00-! again close since preceding such subsequent closure of 00-2 the contacts P-I will remain closed and keep K energized to keep relay contacts K-2 closed before the reclosure ot CC-2. This control is effective desirable that provision be made for insuring that both accumulator sections reset. Where such split LH accumulators are provided, it is desirable to provide a pair of contacts 212, having one pair of such contacts on each section of the LH accumulator and to wire such pairs of contacts in series. series wiring it would follow that the relay coil L would not be energized until both accumulator sections were properly reset. With a subdivided LH accumulator, two reset magnets "ILH would be provided, such magnets being wired in parallel. Such a split construction is shown in British Patent 405,031.

The machine is now ready to set up the cycle controller and follow with the actual multiplying operations. Upon reset of the LH accumulator a circuit is established, traced as follows: From the 38! side of the D. C. line (Fig. 1) through the reset contacts I'll which become closed upon reset of the LH accumulator, through relay coils M and N and back to the other side of the line lll. With a split LH accumulator, two reset con- With this arrangement and tacts in line 332 would be provided-one on each section of theaccumulator-and such contacts would be wired in series. Such series wiring is a, safety inter-control for the split accumulator type of machine.

The energization of relay coil M will close relay contacts M--l and M--2. M-2 establishes a stick circuit for the relay coils M and N, through a wire 9 (Figs. 1 to 18) through the now closed multiplicand reset contacts '2".

Column skip and cycle controller The cycle controller and zero column skipping arrangement will now be described. In the cycle controlling section of the machine there are a number of relay coils which will be respectively designated Yu, Yt, Yh, Yth, Ytt, Yht, Ym and Ytm. The suffixes u, t, 71., th, etc. designate the related columnar orders, a designates units, t designates tens and so on. All of the Y coils have the multiplier setting of the readout, but two two sets of relay contacts associated therewith.

One set will be given the general suflix designation 1 and the other set the general suflix designation 2. For example Yu has associated with it stick relay contacts Yu-I and it also has associated with it column transfer relay contacts Yu-2. A similar arrangement of relay contacts is provided for all of the various Y relays on the various columns. The 1" set of contacts are for stick circuit purposes and the 2 sets of contacts are for column transfer purp ses. The CS or column shift relays are also shown in Fig. l

and they are respectively designated CSu, est.

CSh, CSth, CStt, CSht, (28m and CStm. In addition to the multipoint column shifting control contacts which have been generally designated l3l and I32 (see also Fig. it), each CS unit has an additional control contact pair which will be given the suflix reference numeral 3, that is, CSu3 is this extra pair of contacts which is adapted to be closed upon the energization of CSu, and so on for the other CS relays in the other columns.

If any brush of the multiplier readout stands upon a zero spot, its corresponding Y magnet will become energized. Current flowing from the D. C., line 382 through the reset contacts 214, wire 440, through the relay contacts M-Z (Fig. 1), now closed, over wire 392, through the zero spots of the M1? readout device, then via the corresponding brush or brushes standing on the zero spot or spots and then through the respective circuits shown, to the respective Y magnets, and back to the 38! side of the D. C. line. In the Daly patent there is shown connected to one side of relay contacts M--2 a line 393, which extends over and connects with one side of each of the Yu-l to Ytm-l and CSu-3 to CStm-3 group of contacts. The other side of these contacts are wired back to their'respective Y magnets and therethrough to the other side of the D. 0. line 38!. For the present invention the line 393 extends to only the Yul etc. contacts, and a separate wire 393a is introduced to connect the CSw-ti etc. contacts to M--2 through a pair of cam contacts CC-lli which are timed to close at the 0" time in the cycles of operation (see Fig. 3). Accordingly, when any Y magnet becomes energized due to a brush standing on a zero spot in its corresponding column, the energization of this particular Y magnet will close its corresponding Y-l stick contacts and the Y magnet will remain energized through the current which flows over through line 393. V In the problem under consideration, no zero appears in zeros appear in the two highest order columns.

With this condition, coils Ym and Y m will become energized and will be held energized by their stick relay contacts Y1n-l and Ytm-l.

The energization of Ym and Ytm will also shift contacts Ym-2 and Ytm2 to the reverse position from that shown. The stick circuit energization of the Y magnets will maintain these contacts Yin-2 and Ytm-Z shifter. Yu-z will not have been shifted because its corresponding coil Yu has not been energized. The same will also apply to the remaining Y-2 contacts.

Multiplying cycle of operation First multiplying cycle-The machine is now ready to multiply .by the amount in the units order of the multiplier. Initiation of multiplication is efiected in the following manner. Upon the energization of relay coil M the relay contacts M-l close. Following the setup of the cycle controller, cam contacts CC2 close. Current is allowed to flow from the A. C. line 383 through cam contacts CC-2, through switch 236, through relay contacts M--I now closed, through the Yu-2 contacts which are in the position shown, down through the CSu relay magnet and out via the. brush which is standing, say, on the 7 spot of the readout in the units order, down through the seventh line of the group of wires generally designated 394 to the Xl multiplying relay control magnet (see Fig. 1a) and to ground. The time of fiow of current in the path Just traced is timed according to the closure of cam contacts CC-2 (Fig. 3). It will be accordingly appreciated that there is a concurrent energization of the CSu magnet and the 32-4 multiplier magnet, since these control magnets are disposed in series relation. Energization of the X-l magnet brings about the multiplying computation and the energization of the 081i magnets directs the entries into the proper columnar orders of the RH and LH registers in a manner to be subsequently explained.

It has been previously explained that, when the multicontacts of the CSu relays close, an extra contact pair CSu-3 is also closed. This closure of the CSu3 contact pair which takes place as an incident to the flow of current to the X--l magnet, through CSu, causes the energization of the Yu relay, which relay, it will be remembered, was not previously energized because its corresponding readout brush did not stand on a zero spot. In the prior machine this energization of the Yu magnet took place immediately upon closure of contacts CSu-3. In the present machine, however, contacts CC.| 0 have been inserted in the CSlb3 return circuit and, as these contacts are not closed until the 0 time in the cycle (see Fig. 3), magnet Yu is not energized until such later time. At such time energization of Yu shifts the relay contacts Yu-I and Yu-2 so that, upon the succeeding multiplication by the next significant figure, current flowing in through Ml, 266, and 00-2 will be diverted by Yu2 over to the Yt--2 set of contacts which are in the position shown; The next multiplying current impulse then flows down through Yt2, through CSt, over through the brush of the readout to the particular wire of the 394 group, say the ninth wire, and down through the X--9 magnet and out to ground upon closure of cam contacts CC-2. This current flow will effect a concurrent energization of the 2-=9 magnet and th cs m gnet a d the energization of the CSt will direct a proper entry of amounts into the LH and RH accumulators at a shifted over columnar relation therein.

At this point occurs the material departure from the arrangement of the prior machine. The x-1 relay magnet, when energized, closes a pair of contacts X--|a, one side of which is connected to line 383 and the other side of which is connectnet and the contacts X-8a cause energization of the XI multiplying relay magnet.

Where the multiplier setting is l, 2, 3, 4, or 5, the corresponding multiplying relay magnets are energized directly, in the same manner as in the prior art machine. These five relay magnets close related sets of multiplying contacts arthe present invention). and thence through the column shift devices to enter 9's in positions connected to the related orders of the MCRO device.

ranged for multiplication by these factors. Each of the magnets X-8 to X3 also close a pair of contacts X-6b to X-8b, one side of which is connected to line 883 and the other side extends to a so-calied "subtraction control relay magnet SC and thence to ground. The magnet 80 closes its contacts 80:; which provide a holding circuit through cam contacts CC-ll which will hold the magnet energized throughout the partial product entering portion of the cycle. The magnet also shifts a pair of contacts 80b to disconnect the normal emitter 288 train line 383 and connect a special emitter designated "8, in its place. This emitter 8| 8 has its contact spots connected to the contact spots of the emitter 288 in a 9's complement relationship, that is, the zero spot of emitter M0 is connected to the 9's spot of emitter 288 and the 1 spot of emitter H8 is connected to the 8 spot of the emitter 288 and so on. This shift in multiplying emitters has the eflect that, instead 01' the normal emitter 288 sending impulses to the selected multiplying relay contacts in accordance with the partial products as before, the impulses transmitted will represent the 9s complement of the partial products.

For the example of Fig. 2, where the first digit to control multiplying is 7, which as we have seen causes energization of the X-3 emitter, the partial product 9888 will be entered into the LH accumulator and the partial product 3417 will be entered into the RH accumulator. The manner in which multiplying circuits are completed is well known and they, therefore, need not be traced in specific detail. However, for convenience the circuit involved in entering the units digit 7 in the right'hand partial product is emphasized in heavy lines on the circuit diagram, this 7 being the 9s complement of the units digit obtained by multiplying the units digit 4 of the multiplicand by the multiplier 3. I

When magnet SC is energized, it also closes a pair of contacts 800, one side of which is connected to the 9's segment of the emitter H8 and the other side of which is connected to the zero segments 01' the multiplicand readout device MCRO. Thus, .when the brush of emitter 8|. is

at its 9 segment, impulses will be sent through contacts 80a to all the zero segments of the MCRO device (which as explained are added for I'br the example of Fig. 2, these 9's are entered in the accumulator orders as shown along the line entitled "b. Emitter and MCRO. It is necessary to fill out the remaining positions in the LH and RH accumulators with 9's and this is brought about as follows. In Fig. 1c are shown the number of contacts SCd which are closed when the subtraction control relay magnet SC is energized. These contacts all have one side connected tov a cam contact CC-l2 timed to close at the 9 time. Theother side of these'contacts are connected to the center blades of contacts generally prefixed Z. These contacts are generally designated with the sumxes l and 2, and there is a set providedfor each of the column shift relay magnets. The Z contacts are wired to the adding magnets 388LH and 388RH as shown.

The manner in which the Z contacts are controlled will now be explained. At the bottom of Fig. 1c are shown relay magnets Zu, Zt, etc. of which Zu controls contacts Zu-l and Zia-2 and Zt controls contacts Zt' l and Zt2, etc. During the first multiplying cycle when there is a significant digit'in the MPRO device, none of the magnets Z are energized and hence the Z contacts remain in the positions shown to direct the 9 impulses into the orders designated. In series with each Z magnet is a pair of contacts Yu -8, for

- example, closed when the related Y magnet is energized. That is, ,for the present invention the Y magnets of Fig. 1 are provided with extra contacts generally sufiixed with a 5.

As explained hereinabove, the Y magnets are not energized through their related CS contacts until cam contacts CC-HI (Fig. 1) close at the 0" time in the cycle so that at such time all the components of the result of multiplying by the digit 7 in the .MPRO device have been entered into the LH and RH accumulators, except the carry entry which will follow automatically. As

also explained, magnet 0814 was energized and its contacts 0810-3 closed so that magnet Yu is energized when contacts CC--lll close, and. a holding circuit set up through contacts Yu-i.

The incidental closure'of contacts Yu-I (Fig. 10) will complete a circuit from line 38l, magnet Zu, contacts Yul-5, wire 8l8 (Figs. 10, lb, la and 1), contacts M-2 and wire 8 back to line 382 through the closed contacts-218 of the MC accumulator. The magnet Zu will accordingly remain energized throughout subsequent multiplying cycles, and will shift its contacts Zua-I and Zia-2. During the first multiplying cycle with the Z contacts in the position shown in Fig. lo, a circuit is traceable from line 383 through the contacts CC-II, through the 50:! contacts and thence through the closed contacts Zu-l, Zt-l, etc. through wires 8 extending upwardly to the magnets 388RH in the ninth to fifteenth positions inclusive of the-RH accumulator. Parallel circuits also extend through the contacts SCd, through the closed contacts Zu-2, Zt-Z, etc., through wires 8 to the magnets 388LI-I in the tenth to the sixteenth positions inclusive of the LH accumulator. A further contact SCI will also transmit the 9 impulse to the magnet in theunits or first position or the LH accumulator, and a still further contact SCe will transmit an impulse to the elusive l magnet in the LH and RH aaaaisi Second multiplying cycle-With magnet Yu energized its contacts Yw-2 (Fig. 1) are shifted. so that contacts CC-I now energize magnet st, and with the digit 9 set in the tens order of the MPRO device, the circuit flows through the ninth wire 394 to energize the X-9 relay magnet (Fig. 1a) which in turn through its contacts X911 causes the Xl multiplying relay magnet to be energized. Through its contacts X-8b it also causes the subtraction control magnet SC to be energized. The latter shifts its contacts SC!) to render the subtraction emitter Gill eflective, closes its contacts 800 to send 9s through the zero positions of MCRO and closes its contacts SCd and SC! to send 9s to the remaining accumulator positions while contacts SCe enable energization of the elusive one magnets 609 (Fig. 1c).

During this second multiplying cycle the complement of 1 times the multiplicand is entered as partial products in the LH and RH accumulators. The normal column shift relay magnet CSt causes closure of its contacts I, I32 (Fig. 1b) to direct the entries along lines a and b of Fig. 2 into the proper accumulator orders. The energization of magnet Zu has shifted its contacts Zui' and Zu2 (Fig. 10) so that the additional 9s now are directed into the first and tenth to fifteenth orders of the RH accumulator and into orders 1, 2 and 11-16 of the LH accumulator to fill out the complement. At the zero time again contacts CC-l0 close and energize the next magnet Yt effecting energization of magnet Zt through contacts Yt5.

Third multiplying cycZe.-At the beginning of this cycle, magnets Yu and Yt are energized so that when contacts CC-2 close, a circuit is completed through magnet CSh and through the 3 wire 394 to energize the X-3 multiplying relay magnet directly. This time there is no energization of the subtraction control magnet SC so that the normal multiplying emitter 265 (Fig. 1a) is effective to transmit the true partial products to the LH and RH accumulators through the column shift contacts 13!, 132 of the CSh group. At the zero time in this cycle, when contacts CC--l0 close to energize magnet Yh, magnet Zh will also be energized to shift the extra 9's entry circuits even though no circuits have been completed therethrough during this cycle.

Fourth multiplying cycle.-This cycle is similar to the last except that the X-S relay magnet is called into action and the true partial products of five times the multiplicand are entered in the appropriate accumulator positions and during the cycle the magnets Yth and Zth are energized.

Fifth multiplying cycle-At the beginning of this cycle magnets Yu, Yt, Yh and Yth are energized as well as magnets Zu, Zt, Zh and Zth. When CC--2 closes, the circuit goes through relay magnet CStt, the 6 wire 394 to energize the X-6 magnet and also the X-4 multiplying relay magnet as well as the subtraction control magnet SC. Accordingly, emitter Sill causes complementary impulses and 9s to be entered through the CStt column shift contacts and, when contacts CC-IZ close, the extra 9s will be entered through the Z contacts into orders 1, 2, 3, 4 and 13, 14, 15 of the RH accumulator and into orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 14, 15, 16 of the LH accumulator.

Sixth multiplying cycle-During this cycle, true entry of partial products takes place through a direct energization of the X-| multiplication magnet. At the zero time when contacts 00-1 0 close, the magnet Yht is energized so that at this time all the Y magnets are energized, since the two highest were initially energized as a result of the zero settings in the related MP columns. 4

RH to LH transfer cilcle.-Upon the completion of the multiplying computations all of the Y2 set of contacts will have been shifted to reverse position from that shown and, upon closure of cam contacts CC-2, there is a circuit path from the 383 side of the A. C. line through CC-Z, switch 268 and M-l now closed, through all of the Y2 set of contacts now in shifted position, to the ICR relay magnet, and to the 392MC magnet which is the reset magnet pertaining to the MC receiving device. A branch circuit also extends through cam contacts FC-Ill, through switch 395 which is in closed Position as shown for normal multiplication, through the 392MP reset magnet, through the switch 396 (in closed position as shown for normal multiplication) and back to ground. Enertrol relay l-CR (Fig. 1) in the manner previously explained. Energization of this relay permits closure of the related contacts ICR-l to Hi (Fig. 1b) and l-CRI'| (Fig. 10.). C10- sure of l--CRI' to I8 connects the RHRO readout with the 399LH lines. Accordingly, upon the operation of emitter 2B5, impulses are emitted through a group of lines 430 (Figs. 1a and lb) to and through RHIRO readout device (Fig. 16), through the ICR-l to I6 contacts and to the LH accumulator magnets 390LH. The amount previously standing on the RH accumulator is entered into the LH accumulator in proper columnar relation therein. At the completion of such emission of impulses by emitter 265, the emitter brush on encountering the extra spot supplies current through contacts ICR,-I'I now closed to RH reset magnet 392RH, Energization of this magnet initiates reset of the RH accumulator.

It may be explained that the reset of the MC and MP counters occurs concurrently with the RH and LH transfer. The reset of the MC receiving device will cause the opening of contacts 214 (Fig. 1e). The opening of contacts 214 breaks the stick circuit for relay coils M and N and for all of the Y magnets, thus preparing the cycle controller for a new entry from the following card.

The reset of the multiplicand receiving device brings about the closure of contacts 213 (Fig. 1e)

which causes energization of relay coil C, and the closure of contacts 214a causes the energization of relay coil D. The energization of coil C causes closure of contacts 0-! and there is a reinitiated energization of the card feed clutch magnet 384, through a circuit traced as follows: From the 38l side of the line through contacts F--l which are now in the position shown, through the card feed clutch magnet 384, through cam contacts machine.

F'C-S now closed. through the stop key contacts 218 now closed, through relay points N-i and tacts C2 and through cam contacts FC-8,

which open up after the feed has been initiated.

During card feeding, the amount standing in the LH accumulatoris punched back on the card. This punching is the same as in prior machines and as it forms no part of the present invention, it is not specifically described.

Summarizing, the operations of the machine are as follows. On first starting up the machine, card feed is manually initiated. For subsequent operations during a run of cards, card feed is automatically initiated by the reset of the multiplicand receiving device. The feed of the first card will bring about a reset of the LH accumulator and the reset of this accumulator will in turn set up the cycle controller by energizing relay coil M. The cycle controller in turn will initiate and control the computing cycles of the As the computing cycles proceed, a sequence circuit is successively established through the Y-2 contacts of the cycle controller and after multiplication is complete flow of current through this sequence circuit so established, directly brings about an energization of the RH to LH transfer controlling magnet, the multiplicand reset magnet and the multiplier reset magnet. Reset of the multiplicand entry receiving device initiates a new card feed. At the completion of the RH to LH transfer, upon the emitter 265 encountering the extra spot, the reset of the RH accumulator is initiated. Reset of the multiplicand accumulator also initiates a transfer of the product to the summary products accumulator as explained in the Daly patent. The reset of the multiplicand receiving device also breaks the setup of the cycle controller by deenergizing relay coil M and other magnets of the cycle controller. The action of feeding the new card will initiate the punching of the previously computed product back upon the previously sensed and computed record. The reset of the LH accumulator is initiated automatically following the punching of this product under dual control conditions of the punch, one control is based upon the previous card reaching the position beyond the last column position in the punch and the other control is based upon a new card being fed to a particular position (i. e. the R position) in the punch. The reset of the LH accumulator then initiates a new setup of the cycle controller and a new multiplying operation is initiated by the cycle controller as so set up under the control of the reset of the LH accumulator.

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a single modification, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention therefore to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the following claim.

What is claimed is:

In a multiplying machine controlled by differentially timed impulses, a multiplier receiving device having a 6s carry mechanism between the denominational order elements thereof to raise a multiplier digit value by one when the value entered in the-next lower order exceeds 5, means for entering a multiplier amount therein, a multiplicand receiving device, means for entering a multiplicand amount therein, partial product receiving devices, a first emitter for emitting a series of impulses representative of digits, 9, second emitter for emitting a series of impulses representative of the complements of digits, a plurality of partial product impulse selecting switches, one for each of the digits 1 to 5, each arranged to select, jointly with said multiplicand receiving device, for control of said partial product receiving devices, impulses from either of said series of impulses in accordance with the multiplication of the multiplicand by the related multiplier digit, whereby either representations of true or complementary partial products will be entered into said partial products receiving devices, means controlled by said multiplier receiving device for each digit of the multiplier in succession, operative when the value of a digit is from 1 to 5 for rendering the related switch and the first emitter eflective to control impulse transmission from the first emitter to the product receiving devices, and when the digit is from 6 to 9 for rendering the switch corresponding to the tens complement of the digit and the second emitter efiective to control impulse transmission from the second emitter'to said product receiving devices.

BENJAMIN M. DURFEE. 

